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Founders' Day (Ghana)

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Founders' Day
Official nameFounders' Day
Observed byGhana
SignificanceHonour founding fathers of Ghana
Date4 August
Next time4 August 2025 (2025-08-04)
FrequencyAnnual
This article is part of a series about
Kwame Nkrumah

Gold Coast

1st Prime Minister of Ghana

1st President of Ghana

Nkrumaism

Legacy

Founders' Day is a national public holiday observed to commemorate the contributions of all the people, notably the "Big Six"[1][2] who led the struggle for Ghana's independence.[3] The Founder's Day was formerly called "Founder's Day" with the letter "S" appearing after an apostrophe and it was celebrated to earmark the achievements of Osagyefo Dr. Kwame Nkrumah.[4]

Kwame Nkrumah was the first President of Ghana and a member of the "Big Six".[5] He was born on 21 September, hence, the "Founder's" Day celebration on 21 September in each year in honour of his participation in the Ghanaian movement for independence from British colonial rule.[6] Other members of the "Big Six" were Edward Akufo-Addo, Joseph Boakye Danquah, Emmanuel Obetsebi-Lamptey, William Ofori Atta, and Ebenezer Ako-Adjei.[7] There were several thoughts and realizations of the leaders of the Present President Akufo Addo's regime that other members of the "Big Six" who were part of the struggles for Ghana's independence must be honour as part of the celebration.[8][9]

Notably includes major assertions from former member and speaker of parliament, Aaron Mike Oquaye, citing the earlier celebrated founder's day as palpably false.[10] The name was changed from "Founder's Day" to "Founders' Day". Meaning that the word is plural to include other member of the "Big Six" as part of Ghana's "Founder's Day" celebration and in honour of them.[11]

History

[edit]

The Founders' Day (which was formerly spelt as 'Founder's Day') was observed in Ghana on 21 September in year each to mark the birthdate[12] of Ghana's first president, Osagyefo Dr. Kwame Nkrumah,[13] and in remembrance of the struggle for independence by Ghana's brave "Big Six" as the name implies.[14] President Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo[8][15] upon assuming office and based on the call to celebrate other members of the "Big Six" proposed a legislation to Parliament to designate 4 August as a new date of the Founders' Day celebration,[16] to widen the scope of the celebration to cover all people who played a key role in the liberation of the country.[17]

4 August was apparently chosen as the substantive date to mark founders' day to purposely mark two important days or events in the history of Ghana.[18] Firstly, on 4 August 1897, Gold Coast Aborigines' Rights Protection Society led by John Mensah Sarbah was formed. Furthermore, the United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC) was formed on 4 August 1947 [19] by J.B. Danquah and George Alfred Paa Grant.[20]

President Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo again proposed that 21 September however should be instituted as Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Day, to commemorate his birthdate.[21][22] The decision separated the "Founder's Day" celebration as an honour of the "Big Six" from Dr. Kwame Nkrumah's Memorial Day celebration on his birthdate at the heroic leader of Ghana's independence attainment and a former President of Ghana.[23]

In March 2019, the public holiday amendments bill was passed into law by the Ghanaian government and 4 August was instituted as the "Founders' Day,"[24] a day which coincides with the formation of the first political party in the country – the United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC) on 4 August 1947.[25][26] The Founders' Day is reserved to celebrate and honour the people (The Big Six) who led Ghana to independence whilst Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Day is reserved for Osagyefo Dr. Kwame Nkrumah's birthdate[27] the leader of the movement towards independence.[28][29]

Significance of the day

[edit]

The "Founders' Day" is also a day on which the Ghanaians take the opportunity to reflect the sacrifices of their fore-bearers who fought for Ghana's independence.[30] There are a number of celebratory activities during the day including talks, discussions, public lectures, etc. about the country's past, present and future.[31][32] Activities during the celebration and observance of the "Founders' Day" are meant to encourage the Ghanaians within the country and in the diaspora to accept Ghana as their homeland.[33] Also, these activities as well as the day is to reignite patroitism in Ghanaians.[32]

Besides the celebration of the "Founders' Day" encourage Ghanaians to appreciate the sacrificial roles its leaders had played while they do the same by committing to the country in all endeavours.[34][16]

Public lectures

[edit]
  • 4 August 2019

The first Founders' Day, which is 4 August 2019 fell on a weekend therefore the Interior Minister, Ambrose Dery, in a statement said in view of the day falling on a Sunday, the President Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo by Executive Instrument (EI), declared Monday, 5 August, as a public holiday to be observed as such throughout the country, he held a Luncheon in honor of Senior citizens at Accra International Conference Centre.[35][36]

  • 4 August 2020

The public lecture was chaired by the Overlord of Dagbon, Yaa Naa Abubakari Mahama II, with other traditional rulers from Dagbon being present.[37] The Speaker of Parliament, Prof. Aaron Mike Oquaye delivered a public lecture.[38] The spokesperson of Yaa Naa, Zamgbali Naa, Dr Jacob Mahama, in his tribute hailed all persons who contributed to the fight for independence and reiterated the essence of honoring all and sundry without focusing entirely on Kwame Nkrumah.[39]

Key personalities such as the Chief of Staff, Mrs Akosua Frema Opare; the Majority Leader and Minister for Parliamentary Affairs, Mr Osei Kyei-Mensah-Bonsu; the Minister of Food and Agriculture, Dr Owusu Afriyie Akoto; the Minister of Information, Mr Kojo Oppong Nkrumah; the President of the Ghana Journalists Association (GJA), Mr Roland Affail Monney were present at the lecture.[25]

The Open Foundation West Africa launched its Founders Day Ghana writing contest to increase Ghanaian literature of personalities and events on Wikipedia.[40] The contest, which spans from 1 to 31 August 2020 seeks to create awareness and educate the public on the significance of Founders Day and also encourage the curation of content about Ghana's history.[41]

  • 4 August 2022

On Thursday 4 August 2022, to commemorate Ghana's Founding Fathers, the Danquah Institute held a lecture on the theme "The Independence Struggle: Our Heroes and the Fight for Democracy".[42]

Controversies

[edit]

However, there has been some contention by the opposition National Democratic Congress (NDC) and Convention People's Party's (CPP) to cancel it with their premise being that the new holiday is not a true representation of historical facts and is a deliberate attempt by the Akufo-Addo government to rewrite the country's history.[43][44][45]

According to the NDC, Akufo-Addo seeks to give prominence to his uncle JB Danquah who was a leader in the United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC), the political party from which Kwame Nkrumah broke away to form the CPP which won him the election that saw him become Leader of Government Business and Prime Minister and eventually the first president of Ghana.[43]

Dr. Samuel Adu-Gyamfi, a senior lecturer in the history and political studies program at Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), claims that the president appears to be pursuing an agenda to overexpand the United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC), which was founded in 1947 by J.B. Danquah and George Alfred "Paa" Grant. "The president's move will simply polarize Ghanaians because the proposed celebration lacks a foundation in Ghana's past and won't foster national cohesion," he claimed.[46]

See also

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References

[edit]
  1. ^ Thalmayer, Amber Gayle; Saucier, Gerard (23 July 2014). "The Questionnaire Big Six in 26 Nations: Developing Cross-Culturally Applicable Big Six, Big Five and Big Two Inventories" (PDF). European Journal of Personality. 28 (5): 482–496. doi:10.1002/per.1969. ISSN 0890-2070. S2CID 49366494.
  2. ^ Grady, Tim. (2005), Big six, World Cycling Productions and Ryeka Sport, OCLC 224607590
  3. ^ "Founders' Day in Ghana in 2021". Office Holidays. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  4. ^ "Nkrumah, Dr Kwame, (21 Sept. 1909 – 27 April 1972)", Who Was Who, Oxford University Press, 1 December 2007, doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u158013
  5. ^ Rathbone, Richard (23 September 2004). "Nkrumah, Kwame (1909?–1972), president of Ghana". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/31504. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  6. ^ Polunin, Nicholas (1995). "Biosphere Day 1995: (Celebrated each Year on September 21st)". Environmental Conservation. 22 (3): 272. Bibcode:1995EnvCo..22..272P. doi:10.1017/s0376892900010729. ISSN 0376-8929.
  7. ^ Akansina Aziabah, Maxwell (8 December 2011), "Obetsebi-Lamptey, Emmanuel Odarquaye", African American Studies Center, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.49678, ISBN 978-0-19-530173-1
  8. ^ a b Dilworth, Jennifer (ed.). "Akufo-Addo, Hon. Nana". International Year Book and Statesmen's Who's Who. doi:10.1163/1570-6664_iyb_sim_person_34801.
  9. ^ "Founders Day Celebrations in Ghana". WorldRemit. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
  10. ^ "Founder's Day Celebration Misleading". Retrieved 2 August 2023.
  11. ^ "Tools to the Men who can use them", The Six-Hour Day & Other Industrial Questions, Routledge, pp. 36–49, 26 June 2017, doi:10.4324/9781315213668-4, ISBN 978-1-315-21366-8
  12. ^ "Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Day 2020, 2021 and 2022 in Ghana". PublicHolidays.africa. Retrieved 27 August 2020.
  13. ^ Rathbone, Richard (23 September 2004). "Nkrumah, Kwame (1909?–1972), president of Ghana". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/31504. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  14. ^ "Chapter Six Nationalism and Ideology", The Endless War, New York Chichester, West Sussex: Columbia University Press, pp. 133–168, 31 December 1989, doi:10.7312/harr93426-011, ISBN 978-0-231-89364-0
  15. ^ Akufo-Addo, Nana, interviewee. (2004). Evening encounter with Nana Addo Dankwa. ISBN 9988-584-87-3. OCLC 1054405362.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  16. ^ a b "Sekou Nkrumah Fights Oquaye Over Founders' Day". DailyGuide Network. 6 August 2020. Retrieved 7 August 2020.
  17. ^ Akgüç, Mehtap; Beblavý, Miroslav (23 December 2018), "What happens to young people who move to another country to find work?", Youth Labor in Transition, Oxford University Press, pp. 389–418, doi:10.1093/oso/9780190864798.003.0013, ISBN 978-0-19-086479-8
  18. ^ "Founders' Day: August 4, 2023, declared public holiday". BusinessGhana. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
  19. ^ formation of UGCC, 4 August 2017, retrieved 2 August 2021
  20. ^ Founders' Day, retrieved 2 August 2023
  21. ^ "Akufo-Addo renaming of Founder's Day will be short-lived – CPP". Ghanaweb. 18 September 2017. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
  22. ^ "Founders' day to be placed on Ghana's Holiday Calendar". Modern Ghana. Retrieved 22 September 2013.
  23. ^ Rathbone, Richard (23 September 2004). "Nkrumah, Kwame (1909?–1972), president of Ghana". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/31504. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  24. ^ "Founders Day to be Aug. 4, Sept. 21 to honour Nkrumah's memory". Citi 97.3 FM - Relevant Radio. Always. 17 September 2017. Retrieved 27 August 2020.
  25. ^ a b "Nkrumah alone did not 'compose' Ghana's independence - Prof Oquaye". Graphic Online. 4 August 2020. Retrieved 8 August 2020.
  26. ^ "Founders' Day in Ghana in 2020". Office Holidays. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
  27. ^ "Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Day 2020, 2021 and 2022 in Ghana". PublicHolidays.africa. Retrieved 27 August 2020.
  28. ^ Nkrumah, Kwame (4 February 2016), "Independence Speech", The Ghana Reader, Duke University Press, pp. 301–302, doi:10.2307/j.ctv125jqp2.65, ISBN 978-0-8223-7496-1
  29. ^ "Founder's Day 2020, 2021 and 2022 in Ghana". PublicHolidays.africa. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
  30. ^ "Dale, Peter David, (born 25 July 1955), Founder, Rare Day Ltd, since 2008", Who's Who, Oxford University Press, 1 December 2007, doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u12734
  31. ^ Yadav, Ankita (4 August 2023). "Founders' Day Ghana". Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
  32. ^ a b "Significance Of Founders' Day". 4 August 2020. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
  33. ^ Okyerefo, Michael Perry Kweku (2015). ""I Am Austro-Ghanaian": Citizenship and Belonging of Ghanaians in Austria". Ghana Studies. 18 (1): 48–67. doi:10.1353/ghs.2015.0006. ISSN 2333-7168. S2CID 147612455.
  34. ^ "ORATION 24", Select Orations, Catholic University of America Press, pp. 142–156, 1 April 2010, doi:10.2307/j.ctt32b306.18, ISBN 978-0-8132-1207-4
  35. ^ Adogla-Bessa, Delali (1 August 2019). "Founders' Day: Gov't declares August 5 a public holiday". Citi Newsroom. Retrieved 8 August 2020.
  36. ^ "Let's rise above partisanship - Akufo-Addo justifies Founders' Day". MyJoyOnline.com. 5 August 2019. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  37. ^ "Dagbon", The Lions of Dagbon, Cambridge University Press, pp. 13–38, 3 July 1975, doi:10.1017/cbo9780511759543.004, ISBN 978-0-521-20682-2
  38. ^ OQUAYE, MIKE (1995). "The Ghanaian Elections of 1992—A Dissenting View". African Affairs. 94 (375): 259–275. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a098809. ISSN 1468-2621.
  39. ^ "Nkrumah, Dr Kwame, (21 Sept. 1909 – 27 April 1972)", Who Was Who, Oxford University Press, 1 December 2007, doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u158013
  40. ^ Adotey (2019). "A Matter of Apostrophe? Founder's Day, Founders' Day, and Holiday Politics in Contemporary Ghana". Journal of West African History. 5 (2): 113–139. doi:10.14321/jwestafrihist.5.2.0113. ISSN 2327-1868. S2CID 213581191.
  41. ^ Anyorigya, Daniel Abugre (20 July 2020). "Open Foundation West Africa launches writing contest to commemorate Founders Day". Citi Newsroom. Retrieved 8 August 2020.
  42. ^ Public lecture on founders' day, 8 August 2022, retrieved 2 August 2023
  43. ^ a b Nyabor, Jonas (5 August 2019). "NDC will reverse 4th August Founders' Day celebration – Otukonor". Citi Newsroom. Retrieved 8 August 2020.
  44. ^ Duodu, Samuel (4 August 2022). "Founders' Day: Significance, controversy". Graphic Online. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
  45. ^ "Founders' Day: August 4, 2023, declared public holiday". BusinessGhana. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
  46. ^ Abedu-Kennedy, Dorcas (19 September 2017). "Founders Day controversy: Akufo-Addo accused of dividing Ghanaians". Adomonline.com. Retrieved 6 August 2022.
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